“Access to justice” rates as one of the top five issues raised in submissions to the Harper Review into Australian competition policy. But a review of litigation over the last decade shows much more is at stake: ACCC competition cases focus almost exclusively on per se prohibitions. While private litigants appear more prepared to pursue provisions subject to a competition test, they are an endangered species. In the US, private actions outnumber their public counterparts 10:1 – here, we have 3 public actions for every private one. Yet the importance of private litigation is acknowledged around the world. How then can we increase its incidence?